eLearning > IPR regulation
Bibliography
The purpose of this section is to offer an overview of resources that developers of elearning programmes might find useful in regard to IPR in cross-national elearning collaborations. It beings together a mix of peer-reviewed publications, policy documents, reports, and website resources which have been partially annotated to offer guidance to the reader.
All URLs provided were retrievable on 15th March 2006.
Resources are categorised under five thematic headings:
- IPR in national and international settings
- Understanding issues of copyright in elearning
- Cross-national issues in IPR – IPR models, strategies, templates for agreements
- IP Rights management issues
- The cultural context of IPR – Wider reading embracing the evolving concept, value and treatment of intellectual property rights in modern society.
1.0 IPR in national and international setting
(ia) Policy level - China
National Copyright Administration of the People’s Republic of China
www.ncac.gov.cn
English translations of Chinese IPR legislation www.chinaiprlaw.com/english
Implementing Regulations of The Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China, issued by Premier Zhu Rongji on August 2, 2002, www.cietac.org.cn/english/laws/laws_12.htm
International Intellectual Property Alliance (2006). Special Report People’s Republic of China, Special 301, 109-126.
www.iipa.com/rbc/2006/2006SPEC301PRC.pdf
(IIPA /produces annual country reports which offer a useful digest of current developments though from the perspective of a private organisation representing US copyright-based trade interests).
Ministry of Education /The National Intellectual Property Bureau (2004). Certain Opinions regarding the further enhancing the intellectual property work in the University. No. 4
State Intellectual Property Office (2001). Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China (Adopted at the Fifteenth Session of the Standing Committee of the 7th National People's Congress on 7 September 1990, and revised in accordance with the Decision on the Amendment of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on 27 October 2001.) www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo_English/flfg/xgflfg/t20020416_34754.htm
State Intellectual Property Office, Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China
http://www.sipo.gov.cn/sipo_English/flfg/xgflfg/t20020416_34754.htm
State Council (2002). Implementing regulations of the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China.
(ib) Policy level – UK
HEFCE (2006). Intellectual Property Rights in eLearning Programmes, Report of the Working Group. (July 2006).
HEFCE (2003). Intellectual Property Rights in eLearning Programmes, report of the working group. A good practice guide for senior managers (2003). www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2003/03_08.htm
(Highlights the institutional level issues which senior managers need to address, and proposes sector-wide recommendations in areas such as staff development, policy formulation).
Office of Public Sector Information (2003). Copyright and Related Rights Regulations (UK)
www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk/si/si2003/20032498.htm
Office of Public Sector Information, OPSI, UK (1988). Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (c. 48)
www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1988/Ukpga_19880048_en_1.htm
(ic) Policy level – International
DG EAC (2004). Report on the consultation workshops ‘Access Rights for eLearning Content’ & ‘Creating, sharing and reusing eLearning Content’, DG EAC/BH D, Brussels at http://europa.eu.int/
EC (1997). Dissemination and commercialisation of training products: Guidelines for promoters of training projects at http://www.eucd.org
World Intellectual Property Organisation (1996). Copyright Treaty. www.wipo.org
WIPO (2002). Intellectual property on the internet: a survey of issues, December, at http://ecommerce.wipo.int (retrieved 01 March 2006)
WIPO (2005). Establishing IP Institutions in the Least Developed Countries, WIPO Magazine, Geneva, No 1.
2.0 Understanding issues of copyright in elearning
(i) Books
Brown, J.S. & Duguid, P. (2000). Intellectual Property Rights in Software: A Practical Guide for Professionals & Business Managers, British Computer Society, Swindon.
Wall, R. (1998). Copyright Made Easier ASLIB, London.
(A good source for dipping into for reference as well as further reading and development. It presents a more detailed technical approach. The Copyright Administration chapter has lots of useful information about trade and professional organisations).
(ii) Journal articles
Claerhout, L. (2003). Copyright issues in online courses: A moment in time. In Anderson, T. & Elloumi, F. (Eds.), Theory and Practice of Online Learning, 241-258 (Athabasca University). http://cde.athabascau.ca/online_book/
Law, D.G., Weedon, R.L., Sheen, M.R. (2000), Universities and article copyright, Learned Publishing, 13, (3), 141-150.
http://alpsp.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/alpsp/lp/2000/00000013/00000003/art00002;jsessionid=s0xmd0azpwe.alice
Goodenough, O. (2002). The Future of Intellectual Property: Broadening the Sense of Ought, European Intellectual Property Review, 24, (6), 291-293.
Hannabuss, S. (2001). Intellectual property rights and university employees, Library Review, 50, (3), 117 – 122.
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mcb/035/2001/00000050/00000003/art00001;jsessionid=442u83pq7ne38.alice
Lakhan, S. (2003), Stop Piracy with Edification: Intellectual Property Education in School, Education Today, Issue 6.
(iii) Other resources
Andersen, M. (2001). Copyright and author’s rights – a note on differences in legal culture and practical implications – today and tomorrow. International Colloquium on Internet law European and international approaches, 19-20 November 2001, National Assembly, PARIS
http://droit-internet-2001.univ-paris1.fr/pdf/ve/Andersen_EN.pdf
Carter Simmons, S. (2002). A Handbook for Deterring Plagiarism in Higher Education, Oxford Centre for Staff Learning and Development, Oxford
Consortium for Educational Technology for University Systems (1997). Ownership of New Works at the University: Unbundling of rights and the pursuit of higher learning, California State University, at http://www.cetus.org/ownership.pdf
Patel, K (2000). Team Finds Way Round Copyright, Times Higher Educational Supplement, 25 Feb, 2000.
Patel, K (1999). V-C’s reject beefed up copyright, Times Higher Educational Supplement, 9 April 1999.
Swan, A., Brown, S. (1999). What authors want. The ALPSP research study on the motivations and concerns of contributors to learned journals, Key Perspectives Limited, London.
(iv) Web resources
One of the best places to start is the JISC Legal Service which offers a useful oversight introduction to the subject (www.jisclegal.ac.uk). The following items offer comprehensive and up-to-date views on the issues as they relate to the higher education sector.
Madhavan. M. (2006). Intellectual Property Law Essentials www.jisclegal.ac.uk/ipr/IPREssentials.htm
JISC Legal Services (2006) Webcast – Copyright & eLearning (streamed recording)
www.jisclegal.ac.uk/Webcast/
Casey, J. (2006). Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in Networked eLearning: A Beginners Guide for Content Developers www.jisclegal.ac.uk/publications/johncasey_1.htm
McCracken, R. (2004) Copyright, performance rights, moral rights and your digital materials.”
www.jisclegal.ac.uk/events/ppts_CopyrightNewcastle/RMcCrackenpaper.doc
Creative Commons – “Creative Commons is devoted to expanding the range of creative work available for others to build upon and share”- from their website.
http://creativecommons.org/
(Pioneers of creating a system of easy to use, flexible copyright licences, under US law. Other countries are now appropriating the basic concepts and aligning with their national contexts. The licences allow people to copy and distribute works provided they give the owner credit – under certain conditions which can be specified).
National Research Council, (2000). The Digital Dilemma: Intellectual Property in the Information Age, National Academy Press, Washington D.C.
http://fermat.nap.edu/catalog/9601.html
(Provides a clear exposition of the issues involved of the interplay between current conceptions of intellectual property and the capabilities inherent within new technologies. Written for the lay reader – though from a US legal perspective).
Technical Advisory Service for Images (2003, updated). Copyright, Data Protection and other IPR
www.tasi.ac.uk/advice/managing/copyrights.html
(Very comprehensive – a good resource for elearning project managers or those concerned with the use of digital images)
3.0 Cross-national issues in IPR – Models, strategies, templates for agreements
(i) Journal articles
Channgern, N. & Malisuwan, S. (2005). Copyright Protection of eLearning Contents (Proceedings of the Second International Conference on elearning for Knowledge-Based Society, August 4-7, 2005, Bangkok, Thailand), Special Issue of the International Journal of the Computer, the Internet and Management, 10.1 – 10.5.
Fiaidhi, J., Mohammed, S., Dietze, M., Jassim, S. (2003). Intellectual Property Protection for Collaborative eLearning Systems, International Conference in Internet Computing, http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:Gdont7S3aAwJ:ideal.cecs.missouri.edu/IMC/papers/1047IC.pdf+Intellectual+Property+Protection+for+Collaborative+eLearning+Systems
(Concerned with technical measures to assure property rights management in online systems).
Scodigor, E. (2004). Intellectual property right: copyrights in cross-culture eLearning projects. http://medforist.grenoble-em.com/Contenus/MEDFORIST%20studies/Copyright%20in%20cross-border%20eLearning%20project.pdf
(Report on the EU-funded Medforist project which involved a range of cross-border elearning projects. It points to the necessary to be aware of the legal environments within which exchange occurs).
Ubell, R. (2001). Who owns what? Unbundling Web Course property rights: A policy on Web course ownership may settle conflicts on campus, Educause Quarterly, No 1, 45–47.
Kwan, K. (2005). Good Practice: Contract Negotiation for Transnational Higher Education. Observatory on Borderless Higher Education, September 2005.
(ii) Other resources
Chen C. (2006). Copyright issues regarding Chinese publications used in US libraries (School of Information Management, Intellectual Property Research Centre, Wuhan University) Presentation to Council on East Asian Libraries, CEAL. 2006 Programme www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/eastasian/ccmweb/ChenUpdated.ppt
China Britain Business Council (2004). Intellectual Property Rights in China: Risk assessment, avoidance strategy and problem solving (The China IPR Guidelines’). www.cbbc.org/initiatives/ipr%5Fforum/
Evans, T. & Tokarz, K. (2001). Education is the Import that China Really Wants: Chinese Citizens Embrace Education as the Key to a Better Life, eduventures.com, February
Green, K.M. (2006). Working with Chinese Materials under US Law (Copyright Group, Microsoft Corporation). Presentation to Council on East Asian Libraries, CEAL. 2006 Programme
www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/eastasian/ccmweb/Green.ppt
Farrington, D. (2002). Intellectual Property, the Internet & Higher Education Observatory for Borderless Higher Education, London.
Higgins, A., Discussion paper on copyright and intellectual property issues in the open and
eLearning environment, at http://col.org/pcf2/papers%5Chiggins_2.pdf
Friorito, B. (2000). Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in European Cooperation Projects in the Field of Education, at http://www.socleoyouth.be
Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (1994). A Program for International Cooperation in Advanced Manufacturing. Final Report of the International Steering Committee adopted at ISC6, Hawaii, 24 to 26 January, 1994. Chapter 6: Lessons Learned. http://ksi.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/IMS/ISC/ISC94_Part1_6.html
Stephens, P. (2002). Guide to the collective administration of authors’ rights, UNESCO. http://www.unesdoc.unesco.org.
Swales, C. (2000). Copyright and Distance Education: Trainer’s Kit, Commonwealth of Learning, Vancouver BC at http://www.col.org/copyright_toolkit.pdf
Ubell, R. (2000). Unbundling Intellectual Property Rights: Recognising Rights in Distance Learning, delivered at the 6th International Conference on Asynchronous Learning Networks, Nov 3–5, University of Maryland, MD.
Xu, D. (2006). Librarians’ Concerns about Copyrights of Chinese Studies Materials. Presentation to Council on East Asian Libraries. 2006 Programme
www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/eastasian/ccmweb/DiannaXuF.ppt#4
(iii) Web resources
EU IPR helpdesk www.ipr-helpdesk.org/index.html
(Free of charge service offering comprehensive advice, tutorials, templates, checklists and guidance).
EU Sixth Framework Programme Checklist for a Consortium Agreement, document reference: MS/AS 2002/09, at http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp6/model-contract/pdf/checklist_en.pdf
(Very useful online resource for project managers and institutional decision-makers concerned with setting up formal collaborations between institutions).
Lambert Model Agreements (2003). Comprehensive toolkit for universities and companies wishing to undertake collaborative research projects e.g. model agreements, guidance notes.
www.innovation.gov.uk/lambertagreements/
(While the emphasis is on research, the basic principles for good practice in generating, managing and sharing intellectual property remain the same).
World Universities Network (WUN) provides various documents including the models for eleanring collaboration which links to the issue of intellectual property
www.wun.ac.uk/elearning.php
4.0 IP Rights management issues
(i) Books/ book chapters
McCracken, R. & Gilbart, M. (1995). Buying and Clearing Rights, print, broadcast and multimedia. Blueprint, an imprint of Chapman & Hall, London.
(Provides practical guidance, templates for letters and contracts, and hints for rights negotiation and record keeping in the educational sector).
(ii) Journal Articles/ Book Chapters
Carnevale, D. (2003). Slow start for long awaited easing of copyright restriction, Chronicle of Higher Education, March 28, at http://chronicle.com/free/v49/i29/29a02901.htm
(Case study of the practical impact of the US Teach Act upon the operation of programme and inclusion of third part materials).
Duncan, C. & Ekmekcioglu, C. (2003). Digital libraries and repositories. In A. Littlejohn (Ed) Reusing Online Resources: a sustainable approach to eLearning London & New York: Kogan Page.
Waterhouse, S. & Rogers, R. (2004). The Importance of Policies in eLearning Instruction Educause Quarterly, 27, 3, 28- 39
www.educause.edu/pub/eq/eqm04/eqm0433.asp?bhcp=1
(Useful perspectives on local programme management of rights issues – though from a US legal context).
iv. Other resources
Brewster, D., Whose File is it anyway? Investigating the Ownership Relationship between students and their digital resources, Working paper http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=cache:HfEEDX_JP20J:www.informatics.susx.ac.uk/research/hct/hctw2003/papers/brewster.pdf+Brewster,+D.,+Whose+File+is+it+anyway%3F+Investigating+the+Ownership+Relationship+between+students+and+their+digital+resources
Campbell, L. (2003). Engaging with the learning object economy. In A. Littlejohn (Ed) Reusing Online Resources: a sustainable approach to eLearning London & New York: Kogan Page.
Clarke, R. & Dempsey, G. (1999), Electronic Trading in Copyright Objects and Its Implications for Universities, Australian Intellectual Property Law Bulletin, 11, 8 (March, 1999), 77-81. www.anu.edu.au/people/roger.Clarke/EC/ETCU.html
Giavarra, E. (2001). Licensing Digital Resources: How to avoid the legal pitfalls 2nd edition ECUP, CELIP & EBLIDA.
www.eblida.org/ecup/docs/licensing.htm
(A useful and clearly written guide to the issues around licensing and common mistakes to avoid).
Oppenheim, C. & Giavarra, E. (2001). JISC/DNER Copyright and Licensing Guidelines www.jisc.ac.uk/index.cfm?name=projman_copyright
(Provides example licences with useful commentary that explains the main components of a licence).
Wienand, P. & Booy, A. & Fry, R. (2000). A Guide to Copyright for Museums and Galleries. Routledge, London.
(Provides a good clear introduction and a set of sample documents for dealings in copyright with an emphasis on the museums sector)
5.0 The Cultural Context of IPR
This section is concerned with the wider perspectives of the value, merit and alternatives to the way in which society manages intellectual assets.
(i) Books
Alexander, G. (1997). Commodity and Propriety: Competing Visions of property in American Legal Thought, University of Chicago Press, USA
Angelil-Carter, S. (2000). Stolen Language? Plagiarism in Writing, Pearson Educational, Harlow
Bainbridge, D. (1996). Introduction to Computer Law, 4th Ed., Pitman, London
Boyle, J. (1996). Shamans, Software and Spleens: Law and the Construction of the Information Society, Harvard University Press
Brown, J.S. & Duguid, P. (2000). The Social Life of Information, Harvard Business School Press, Boston MA.
Coombe, R.J. (1998). The Cultural Life of Intellectual Properties: Authorship, Appropriation and the Law, Duke University Press
Flew, T. (2004). New Media: An Introduction, Oxford University Press, Melbourne
Ghosh, R (2005) (Ed.), Code: Collaborative ownership and the digital economy, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
Harris, L. (1999), Digital Property: Currency of the 21st Century, McGraw-hill Ryerson, Canada
Lessig, L. (2002) The Future of Ideas Vintage Books, New York, USA.
(A prominent law professor and chairman of The Creative Commons, he describes the case for less legislation and restriction and identifies the vested interests in the debate).
Lessig, L. (1999). Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, Basic Books
Litman, J. (2001). Digital Copyright, Prometheus Books, New York
Phillips, J. & Firth, A. (1990). Introduction to Intellectual Property Law, Butterworths, London
Robin, R. (2004). Scandals and Scoundrels: Seven cases that shook the Academy, University of California Press, Berkley, LA, London
Simensky, M., Bryer, L. & Wilkof, N.J. (1999). Intellectual Property in the Global Marketplace, 2nd Ed., John Wiley, New York
Strathern, M. (2004). Commons and borderlands: Working papers on interdisciplinarity, accountability and the flow of knowledge, Wantage: Sean Kingston Publishing.
Vaidhyanathan, S. (2001). Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How it Threatens Creativity, New York University Press, New York
(ii) Journal articles
Barlow, J.P. (1994). The Economy of Ideas: A framework for patents and copyrights in the Digital Age, Wired, 2.03, at http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.03/economy.ideas_pr.html
Crews, K.D., New Copyright Law for Distance Education: The Meaning and Importance of the TEACH Act, Copyright Management Center, Purdue University IN, at http://www.copyright.iupui.edu/teach_summary.htm
Nelson, T.H. (1997). Transcopyright: Dealing with the Dilemma of Digital Copyright, Educom Review, 32:1, at http://www.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~ted/TedPicPermish.html
Paechter, C. (1998). Schooling and the Ownership of Knowledge, Curriculum Studies, Vol 6, 2, 161–176.
Samuelson, P., Davis, R., (2000). The Digital Dilemma: A Perspective on Intellectual Property in the Information Age, at www.sims.berkeley.edu/~pam/papers/digdilsyn.pdf
Weedon, R. (2000). Policy Approaches to Copyright in HEIs, CES, University of Strathclyde
The Stanford Copyright & Fair Use Center at http://fairuse.stanford.edu/
Cunnard, J., Hill, K., Darlas, C. (2004). Current development in the field of digital rights management, WIPO, Geneva
Okediji, R. (2004). Fostering access to education, research and dissemination of knowledge through copyright,’ UNCTAD-ICTSD Dialogue on Moving the pro-development IP agenda forward: Preserving Public Goods in health, education and learning, Bellagio, 29 Nov – 3 Dec. 2004.
www.iprsonline.org/unctadictsd/bellagio/docs/Okideiji_Bellagio4.pdf#search='okediji%20copyright%20research%20dissemination'
Open Source Software (1998). History of the Open Source Effort, at www.opensource.org/history.html
Stallman, R. (1994). Why Software Should Not Have Owners, at http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html
Muzio, J., Heins, T., Mundell, R. (2001). Experiences with Reusable eLearning Objects: From Theory to Practice, at http://www.udutu.com/pdfs/eLearning-objects.pdf
Wentling, T.L., Waight, C., Strazzo, D., File, J., La Fleur, J., Kanfer, A. (2000). The Future of eLearning: A Corporate and an Academic Perspective, at http://learning.ncsa.uiuc.edu/papers/elearnfut.pdf
(iii) Other resources
Brewster, D, “All My Own work” Are we Supporting or Subverting Learning in
Higher Education Students Through the Use of Technology? (Unpublished paper) http://hct.fcs.sussex.ac.uk/Submissions/17.pdf